It Started from the Farmer Revolution to Bourgeois Development
Through a Cultural Revolution

'Storm Petrel' No.612 Jan. 1, 1997
(Written by Kennichi Suzuki)

Character of Chinese Revolution and the Historical Meaning

This year of the 80th Russian revolution anniversary, it is an age which should be commemorated by which the Hong Kong restoration is faced for China this year. It can be a mark as for the process of bourgeois evolution of a political economic system of China after the revolution.

It is necessary to see historical at that time, at the time of made the character of a Chinese revolution and the revolution inevitable various conditions to consider a social economic system of China.

An economical underdeveloped country it where China before the revolution pants because of the suppression of a farmer country and foreign imperialism where a feudal various relations remain basically deep-rooted might not especially require explaining. The landowner and the wealthy farmer only which accounted for about 10% of the farm village population had ruled 70% or more of all arable land in China before the revolution and on the other hand, the arable land which a poor farmer who accounted for about 90% had was only 30% or less of all arable land.

Working class only accounted for several percent of the population. Moreover, worker's fight retreated by the counterrevolution of Jang Jie-Shi(Shou Kaiseki in Japanese pronunciation) in 1927.

First of all, the Chinese revolution was fought as a farmer revolution "the people democratic revolution" by which the rule of a landowner class and foreign imperialism was basically eliminated, we should confirm this. When nationwide victory of a Chinese revolution in 1949 meant "Start of a basic conclusion of the bourgeois democracy revolution and a socialist revolution", the Mao Tse-tung guidance part insisted. However, the character of the revolution was actually bourgeois and besides, it was impossible under economical social various conditions of then China.

The revolution regime liberated landowner's land to the farmer and wide peasant people were born. It is that various conditions of the development of the commodity production were born that the peasant production became predominant in China. The peasant people throw surplus farm products which exceed the consumption of the self to the market, and the commodity production and circulation will be formed and develop ceaselessly. And, the development of the commodity production inevitably brings the formation of the proletariat with the decomposition of the farmer layer and the bourgeoisie.

A historical meaning of a Chinese revolution is that the revolution eliminated a feudal various relations and the rule of foreign imperialism and straightened various conditions of a rapid, capitalistic development. Because socialism is especially possible in the result of capitalistic development only after the development of the high degree of production and the achievement of making to the society, a historical meaning of a Chinese revolution is clear.

We oppose people who beautify that because he pretends a socialist revolution a bourgeois revolution.

Establishment of state capitalism

The revolution regime of China nationalized the factory which a foreign capitalist and the comprador capitalist had in parallel with liberating land to the farmer. On the other hand, though a lot of small and medium-sized enterprises continued like the private enterprise, they were "induced" in the direction of the "combination" with the nation.

Nationalization on base of commodity production and the system public and private combination manage only means capitalism and a kind of state capitalism. China also will be restricted to the historical condition and walk on the road of the state capitalism, as well as Russia under worker and farmer's regimes.

The plan started for five the firstyears per 1953 year in China. As following the experience of the Soviet Union, the revolution regime introduced the severe and centralization instruction economy, the single responsibility of head of the enterprise system, and the union purchase system etc. of farm products by the process.

In 1956, complete combination management of most private enterprise industries and the private enterprise commerce was completed. 90 percent of the farmer was organized by "the high-level collaboration company". It is establishment of a Chinese state capitalism.

Thus, as well as the case of Russia, by buying farm products at a low price by the compulsion purchase of the nation because of the farmer to whom it is "grouped" and supplying the food to the city worker at a low price, system which secures in profit making springboard worker's low wage, in other words, rapid establishment of capitalism by the deprivation of the farmer and the exploitation of the worker, that is, the system of "origin accumulation" established.

Fantasy of farmer communism

Walking of a Chinese state capitalism that stayed for a long time in the farmer country after the revolution, afterwards was considerably different from the Soviet Union. The most characteristic expression is a fantasy of the farmer communism that gushed as a proletarian cultural revolution.

The under of advocacy of Mao Tse-tung, China came "Large progress" period characterized in organizing to radical economic construction and farmer's "People public corporation" in 1958. And it rushed into "proletarian cultural revolution" through "adjustment period" in 1966.

The Red Army who were encouraged by Mao Tse-tung carried everything before one over the whole country. As a result, Liu Shaoqi was overthrown as powers sect bureaucrat's top and Deng Xiaoping lost power.

At that time, Japan Communist Party provided, proletarian cultural revolution was only "Powers struggle" in Chinese Communist Party and devoted one's time to the criticism of violence and "excess". It is needless to say how such an opinion was surface. If proletarian cultural revolution was only mere "Powers struggle", it calls the sympathy of students in somewhat and Western countries and the fact which gives the age influence cannot be explained.

Mao Tse-tung admitted a bourgeois tendency of high-handed of bureaucrat, trend of the age of self-interest pursuit, speculation and secret dealings, managing staff's rot etc. in the reality in China after the state capitalism was established and held serious crisis feeling. The movement of proletarian cultural revolution was a declaration of the fight against the rule class that China is new, state capitalism bureaucrat (Powers sect). And, Mao Tse-tung asked to the abolition of each of the three great differences (industry and agriculture, city and farm village, body work and soul work), foundation of new powers with Paris commune type and own liberating of general public.

The insistence of such Mao Tse-tung represents a revolutionary side of the Maoism. It attracted the general public who resented bourgeois bureaucrat's high-handed and rot in China (in addition, it of student and a part of worker in Western countries also).

However, Mao Tse-tung who is a farmer communist, was captured to the fantasy whether the farmer country of just the get under way of capitalistic development was able to shift to socialism directly. It is also clear that his ideology is subjectivity principle, ideal radical principle institutes the fight against bourgeois rot as a cultural revolution, that is, struggles the ideology.

Therefore, proletarian cultural revolution caught petit bourgeois such as students and farmers but many of workers were skepticism or were critical to it. And, Mao Tse-tung convicts it as an economic principle as soon as participating in proletarian cultural revolution as the worker hoists an economical demand of the promotion of a pay improving and a temporary worker to the worker of using regularly etc. A proletarian cultural revolution is not things except a principle radical, political "revolution" and its wearing a somewhat and proletarian color and the proletariats were suppressed.

Open, capitalistic development

The reality of China is capitalism as admitted by a lot of people after Mao Tse-tung dies and Deng Xiaoping revives. "Reform and open" route by the guidance of Deng Xiaoping has advanced from the farm village to the city, from approval of tacit of commodity production to allowance and open encouragement, from a partial allowance of private management to the allowance of capitalist management. The people public corporation is dismantled in fairly in old times and an undoubted, capitalist enterprise and the influential local enterprise develop under the name of the group enterprise. "Private enterprise enterprise" which employs and exploits the worker has increased rapidly. The foreign capital introduction advances and the enterprise of 100% foreign capital also appears. In a stock market and a capital market, it is born in the region where capitalism develops most as Shanghai and Shenzhen.

Making of China to the bourgeois is a reality which not is though is negative of everyone. This is an inevitable result of the state capitalism. Socialism with a Chinese characteristic and the system that the bow admiration has been done were just state capitalism, special capitalism where bourgeois character exists. It became openly bourgeois character exposed with own development.

The victory of capitalism in China is a result of the evolution of not the defeat of socialism but the state capitalism. If daring to say, this is victory of the state capitalism theory. All people (including Japan Communist Party also) who have admired bowing for China "socialism" with open and latent should be ashamed of an own uncertainty even now.

Making of China to the bourgeois will gain momentum by the return of Hong Kong. And, capitalistic development of China will not be put without preparing wide and pressing the class struggle of the worker through the development of all the contradiction which exists at the same time inside capitalism. The one which comes next to the age of "democratization" struggle which centers on the student and the knowledge person is an age of the class struggle of the worker. And the sign has already appeared.